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How to Run Python Scripts Interactively. It is also possible to run Python scripts and modules from an interactive session. This option offers you a variety of possibilities. Taking Advantage of import. When you import a module, what really happens is that you load its contents for later access and use. Write and run Python code using our online compiler (interpreter). You can use Python Shell like IDLE, and take inputs from the user in our Python compiler. Answer (1 of 6): Don’t run it on your computer. Depending on what you want to do you have a bunch of different options. Run a server locally. This could be something tiny like a Ras Pi Zero. Or it could be something you already have, like maybe a NAS box.
Your Python code can be up on a code editor, IDE or a file. And, it won’t work unless you know how to execute your Python script.
In this blog post, we will take a look at 7 ways to execute Python code and scripts. No matter what your operating system is, your Python environment or the location of your code – we will show you how to execute that piece of code!
Table of Contents
- Running Python Code Interactively
- How are Python Script is Executed
- How to Run Python Scripts
- How to Run Python Scripts using Command Line
- How to Run Python Code Interactively
- Running Python Code from a Text Editor
- Running Python Code from an IDE
- How to Run Python Scripts from a File Manager
- How to Run Python Scripts from Another Python Script
Where to run Python scripts and how?
You can run a Python script from:
- OS Command line (also known as shell or Terminal)
- Run Python scripts with a specific Python Version on Anaconda
- Using a Crontab
- Run a Python script using another Python script
- Using FileManager
- Using Python Interactive Mode
- Using IDE or Code Editor
Running Python Code Interactively
To start an interactive session for Python code, simply open your Terminal or Command line and type in Python(or Python 3 depending on your Python version). And, as soon as you hit enter, you’ll be in the interactive mode.
Here’s how you enter interactive mode in Windows, Linux and MacOS.
Interactive Python Scripting Mode On Linux
Open up your Terminal.
It should look something like
Enter the Python script interactive mode after pressing “Enter”.
Interactive Python Scripting Mode On Mac OSX
Launching interactive Python script mode on Mac OS is pretty similar to Linux. The image below shows the interactive mode on Mac OS.
Interactive Python Scripting Mode On Windows
On Windows, go to your Command Prompt and write “python”. Once you hit enter you should see something like this:
Running Python Scripts Interactively
With interactive Python script mode, you can write code snippets and execute them to see if they give desired output or whether they fail.
Take an example of the for loop below.
Our code snippet was written to print everything including 0 and upto 5. So, what you see after print(i) is the output here.
To exit interactive Python script mode, write the following:
And, hit Enter. You should be back to the command line screen that you started with initially.
There are other ways to exit the interactive Python script mode too. With Linux you can simply to Ctrl + D and on Windows you need to press Ctrl + Z + Enter to exit.
Note that when you exit interactive mode, your Python scripts won’t be saved to a local file.
How are Python scripts executed?
A nice way to visualize what happens when you execute a Python script is by using the diagram below. The block represents a Python script (or function) we wrote, and each block within it, represents a line of code.
When you run this Python script, Python interpreter goes from top to bottom executing each line.
And, that’s how Python interpreter executes a Python script.
But that’s not it! There’s a lot more that happens.
Flow Chart of How Python Interpreter Runs Codes
Step 1: Your script or .py file is compiled and a binary format is generated. This new format is in either .pyc or .pyo.
Step 2: The binary file generated, is now read by the interpreter to execute instructions.
Think of them as a bunch of instructions that leads to the final outcome.
There are some benefits of inspecting bytecode. And, if you aim to turn yourself into a pro level Pythonista, you may want to learn and understand bytecode to write highly optimized Python scripts.
You can also use it to understand and guide your Python script’s design decisions. You can look at certain factors and understand why some functions/data structures are faster than others.
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How to run Python scripts?
To run a Python script using command line, you need to first save your code as a local file.
Let’s take the case of our local Python file again. If you were to save it to a local .py file named python_script.py.
There are many ways to do that:
- Create a Python script from command line and save it
- Create a Python script using a text editor or IDE and save it
Saving a Python script from a code editor is pretty easy. Basically as simple as saving a text file.
But, to do it via Command line, there are a couple of steps involved.
First, head to your command line, and change your working directory to where you wish to save the Python script.
Once you are in the right directory, execute the following command in Terminal:
Once you hit enter, you’ll get into a command line interface that looks something like this:
Now, you can write a Python code here and easily run it using command line.
How to run Python scripts using command line?
Python scripts can be run using Python command over a command line interface. Make sure you specify the path to the script or have the same working directory. To execute your Python script(python_script.py) open command line and write python3 python_script.py
Replace python3 with python if your Python version is Python2.x.
Here’s what we saved in our python_script.py
And, the output on your command line looks something like this
Let’s say, we want to save the output of the Python code which is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 – we use something called a pipe operator.
In our case, all we have to do is:
And, a file named “newfile.txt” would be created with our output saved in it.
How to run Python code interactively
There are more than 4 ways to run a Python script interactively. And, in the next few sections we will see all major ways to execute Python scripts.
Using Import to run your Python Scripts
We all use import module to load scripts and libraries extremely frequently. You can write your own Python script(let’s say code1.py) and import it into another code without writing the whole code in the new script again.
Here’s how you can import code1.py in your new Python script.
But, doing so would mean that you import everything that’s in code1.py to your Python code. That isn’t an issue till you start working in situations where your code has to be well optimized for performance, scalability and maintainability.
So, let’s say, we had a small function inside code1 that draws a beautiful chart e.g. chart_code1(). And, that function is the only reason why we wish to import the entire code1.py script. Rather than having to call the entire Python script, we can simply call the function instead.
Here’s how you would typically do it
And, you should be able to use chart_code1 in your new Python script as if it were present in your current Python code.
Next, let’s look at other ways to import Python code.
Using and importlib to run Python code
import_module() of importlib allows you to import and execute other Python scripts.
The way it works is pretty simple. For our Python script code1.py, all we have to do is:
There’s no need to add .py in import_module().
Let’s go through a case where we have complex directory structures and we wish to use importlib. Directory structure of the Python code we want to run is below:
level1
|
+ – __init__.py
– level2
|
+ – __init__.py
– level3.py
In this case if you think you can do importlib.import_module(“level3”), you’ll get an error. This is called relative import, and the way you do it is by using a relative name with anchor explicit.
So, to run Python script level3.py, you can either do
or you can do
Run Python code using runpy
Runpy module locates and executes a Python script without importing it. Usage is pretty simple as you can easily call the module name inside of run_module().
To execute our code1.py module using runpy. Here’s what we will do.
Run Python Code Dynamically
We are going to take a look at exec() function to execute Python scripts dynamically. In Python 2, exec function was actually a statement.
Here’s how it helps you execute a Python code dynamically in case of a string.
Dynamic Code Was Executed
However, using exec() should be a last resort. As it is slow and unpredictable, try to see if there are any other better alternatives available.
Running Python Scripts from a Text Editor
To run Python script using a Python Text Editor you can use the default “run” command or use hot keys like Function + F5 or simply F5(depending on your OS).
Here’s an example of Python script being executed in IDLE.
Source: pitt.edu
However, note that you do not control the virtual environment like how you typically would from a command line interface execution.
That’s where IDEs and Advanced text editors are far better than Code Editors.
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Running Python Scripts from an IDE
When it comes to executing scripts from an IDE, you can not only run your Python code, but also debug it and select the Python environment you would like to run it on.
While the IDE’s UI interface may vary, the process would be pretty much similar to save, run and edit a code.
How to run Python scripts from a File Manager
What if there was a way to run a Python script just by double clicking on it? You can actually do that by creating executable files of your code. For example, in the case of Windows OS, you can simply create a .exe extension of your Python script and run it by double clicking on it.
How to run Python scripts from another Python script
Although we haven’t already stated this, but, if you go back up and read, you’ll notice that you can:
- Run a Python script via a command line that calls another Python script in it
- Use a module like import to load a Python script
That’s it!
Key Takeaway
- You can write a Python code in interactive and non interactive modes. Once you exit interactive mode, you lose the data. So, sudo nano your_python_filename.py it!
- You can also run your Python Code via IDE, Code Editors or Command line
- There are different ways to import a Python code and use it for another script. Pick wisely and look at the advantages and disadvantages.
- Python reads the code you write, translates it into bytecodes, which are then used as instructions – all of that happen when you run a Python script. So, learn how to use bytecode to optimize your Python code.
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Run code in Atom!
Run scripts based on file name, a selection of code, or by line number.
Currently supported grammars are:
| Grammar | File Based | Selection Based | Required Package | Required in PATH | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assembly (NASM) | Yes | Yes | language-x86-64-assembly | nasm, binutils | |
| 1C (BSL) | Yes | language-1c-bsl | oscript | ||
| Ansible | Yes | language-ansible | ansible-playbook | ||
| AutoHotKey | Yes | Yes | language-autohotkey | AutoHotKey.exe | |
| AppleScript | Yes | Yes | language-applescript | osascript | |
| BabelES6 JS | Yes | Yes | language-babel | node | |
| Bash | Yes | Yes | Runs if your SHELL or #! line is bash. | ||
| Bats (Bash Automated Test System) | Yes | Yes | language-bats | bats | |
Windows Batch (cmd.exe) | Yes | language-batch/file | |||
| Behat | Yes | behat-atom | behat | ||
| BuckleScript | Yes | Yes | bs-platform | bsc | |
| C | Yes | Yes | xcrun clang/cc | Available only on macOS and Linux. | |
| C# | Yes | Yes | csc.exe | ||
| C# Script | Yes | Yes | scriptcs | ||
| C++ | Yes | Yes | xcrun clang++/g++ | Available only on macOS and Linux. Run with -std=c++14. | |
| Clojure | Yes | Yes | lein exec | Requires Leiningen with the lein-exec plugin. | |
| CoffeeScript (Literate) | Yes | Yes | coffee | ||
| Crystal | Yes | Yes | language-crystal-actual | crystal | |
| Cucumber (Gherkin) | Yes | language-gherkin | cucumber | ||
| D | Yes | Yes | language-d | rdmd | |
| Dart | Yes | Yes | dartlang | dart | |
| DOT (Graphviz) | Yes | Yes | language-dot | dot | |
| Elixir | Yes | Yes | language-elixir | elixir | |
| Erlang | Yes | language-erlang | erl | Limited selection based runs only (see #70). | |
| F* | Yes | atom-fstar | fstar | ||
| F# | Yes | language-fsharp | fsharpi/fsi.exe | ||
| Fish | Yes | Yes | language-fish-shell | fish | |
| Forth | Yes | language-forth | gforth | ||
| Fortran | Yes | language-fortran | gfortran | ||
| Gnuplot | Yes | language-gnuplot-atom | gnuplot | ||
| Go | Yes | go | |||
| Groovy | Yes | Yes | language-groovy | groovy | |
| Haskell (Literate) | Yes | Yes | language-haskell | runhaskell/ghc | |
| HTML | Yes | Opens the current HTML file in your default browser. | |||
| Hy | Yes | Yes | language-hy | hy.exe | |
| IcedCoffeeScript | Yes | Yes | language-iced-coffee-script | iced | |
| Inno Setup | Yes | language-innosetup | ISCC.exe | ||
| Idris | Yes | language-idris | idris | ||
| io | Yes | Yes | atom-language-io | io | |
| Java | Yes | *jdk1.x.x_xxbin | Project directory should be the source directory; subfolders imply packaging. | ||
| Javascript | Yes | Yes | node | ||
| JavaScript for Automation (JXA) | Yes | Yes | language-javascript-jxa | osascript -l JavaScript | Available on macOS only. |
| Jolie | Yes | language-jolie | jolie | ||
| Julia | Yes | Yes | language-julia | julia | |
| Kotlin | Yes | Yes | language-kotlin | kotlinc | |
| LAMMPS | Yes | language-lammps | lammps | Available only on macOS and Linux. | |
| LaTeX | Yes | language-latex | latexmk | ||
| LilyPond | Yes | atlilypond | lilypond | ||
| Lisp | Yes | Yes | language-lisp | sbcl | Selection based runs are limited to a single line. |
| LiveScript | Yes | Yes | language-livescript | lsc | |
| Lua | Yes | Yes | language-lua[-wow] | lua | |
| Makefile | Yes | Yes | |||
| MATLAB | Yes | Yes | language-matlab | matlab | |
| MIPS | Yes | language-mips | spim | ||
| MongoDB | Yes | Yes | language-mongodb | mongo | |
| MoonScript | Yes | Yes | language-moonscript | moon | |
| NCL | Yes | Yes | language-ncl | ncl | Scripts must end with an exit command for file based runs. |
| newLISP | Yes | Yes | language-newlisp | newlisp | |
| Nim[Script] | Yes | language-nim | nim | ||
| NSIS | Yes | Yes | language-nsis | makensis | |
| Objective-C[++] | Yes | xcrun clang[++] | Available on macOS only. | ||
| OCaml | Yes | language-ocaml | ocaml | ||
| Octave | Yes | Yes | language-matlab | octave | |
| Oz | Yes | Yes | language-oz | ozc | |
| Pandoc Markdown | Yes | language-pfm | panzer | ||
| Pascal | Yes | Yes | language-pascal | fpc | |
| Perl | Yes | Yes | |||
| PHP | Yes | Yes | |||
| PostgreSQL | Yes | Yes | language-pgsql | psql | Connects as user PGUSER to database PGDATABASE. Both default to your operating system's USERNAME, but can be set in the process environment or in Atom's init file: process.env.PGUSER = {user name} and process.env.PGDATABASE = {database name} |
| POV-Ray | Yes | atom-language-povray | povengine/povray | ||
| PowerShell | Yes | Yes | language-powershell | powershell | |
| Processing | Yes | processing-language | processing-java | ||
| Prolog | Yes | language-prolog | swipl | Scripts must contain a rule with the head main (e.g.main:- parent(X,lucas),writeln(X).). The script is executed with the goal main and exits after the first result is found. The output is produced by the writeln/1 predicates. | |
| PureScript | Yes | language-purescript | pulp | ||
| Python | Yes | Yes | |||
| R | Yes | Yes | language-r | Rscript | |
| Racket | Yes | Yes | language-racket | racket | |
| Raku | Yes | Yes | raku | ||
| Reason | Yes | Yes | language-reason | rebuild | |
| Ren'Py | Yes | No | language-renpy | renpy | Runs your project at the root of the current file. |
| Robot Framework | Yes | No | language-robot-framework | robot | The output location depends on the CWD behaviour which can be altered in settings. |
| RSpec | Yes | Yes | language-rspec | rspec | |
| Ruby | Yes | Yes | |||
| Ruby on Rails | Yes | Yes | |||
| Rust | Yes | language-rust | rustc | ||
| Sage | Yes | Yes | language-sage | sage | |
| Sass/SCSS | Yes | sass | |||
| Scala | Yes | Yes | language-scala | scala | |
| Scheme | Yes | Yes | langauge-scheme | guile | |
| Shell Script | Yes | Yes | SHELL | Runs according to your default SHELL, or #! line. | |
| Standard ML | Yes | language-sml | sml | ||
| Stata | Yes | Yes | language-stata | stata | |
| Swift | Yes | language-swift | swift | ||
| Tcl | Yes | Yes | language-tcltk | tclsh | |
| TypeScript | Yes | Yes | ts-node | ||
| VBScript | Yes | Yes | language-vbscript | cscript | |
| Zsh | Yes | Yes | Runs if your SHELL or #! line is zsh. |
NOTE: Some grammars may require you to install a custom language package.
You only have to add a few lines in a PR to support another.
Installation
apm install script
or
Search for script within package search in the Settings View.
Atom can't find node | ruby | python | my socks
Make sure to launch Atom from the console/terminal. This gives atom all your useful environment variables. Additionally, make sure to run it with the project path you need. For example, use
to get it to run with the current directory as the default place to run scripts from.
If you really wish to open atom from a launcher/icon, see this issue for a variety of workarounds that have been suggested.
Usage
Make sure to run atom from the command line to get full access to your environment variables. Running Atom from the icon will launch using launchctl's environment.
Script: Run will perform a 'File Based' run when no text is selected (default).
Script: Run while text is selected will perform a 'Selection Based' run executing just the highlighted code.
Script: Run by Line Number to run using the specified line number. Note that if you select an entire line this number could be off by one due to the way Atom detects numbers while text is selected.
Script: Configure Script should be used to configure command options, program arguments, and environment variables overrides. Environment variables may be input into the options view in the form VARIABLE_NAME_ONE=value;VARIABLE_NAME_TWO='other value';VARIABLE_NAME_3='test'.
Also, in this dialog you can save options as a profile for future use. For example, you can add two profiles, one for python2.7 and another for python3 and run scripts with a specified profile, which will be more convinient than entering options every time you want to switch python versions.
Change Default Language by opening Atom Settings as follows: Atom→Preferences→Open Config Folder. Then, you can use the tree-view to navigate to and open packages→script→lib→grammar→python.js to make your edits. It is also possible to directly edit the code under .atom/packages/script/lib/grammars/python.js
Script: Run With Profile allows you to run scripts with saved profiles. Profiles can be added in Script: Run Options dialog.
Script: Kill Process will kill the process but leaves the pane open.
Script: Close View closes the pane and kills the process.
To kill everything, click the close icon in the upper right and just go back tocoding.
Script: Copy Run Results copies everything written to the output pane to theclipboard, allowing you to paste it into the editor.
Command and shortcut reference
| Command | macOS | Linux/Windows | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Script: Run | cmd-i | shift-ctrl-b | If text is selected a 'Selection Based' is used instead of a 'File Based' run |
| Script: Run by Line Number | shift-cmd-j | shift-ctrl-j | If text is selected the line number will be the last |
| Script: Run Options | shift-cmd-i | shift-ctrl-alt-o | Runs the selection or whole file with the given options |
| Script: Run with profile | shift-cmd-k | shift-ctrl-alt-b | Runs the selection or whole file with the specified profile |
| Script: Close View | esc or ctrl-w | esc | Closes the script view window |
| Script: Kill Process | ctrl-c | ctrl-q | Kills the current script process |
Replacements
The following parameters will be replaced in any entry in args (command and program arguments). They should all be enclosed in curly brackets {}
{FILE_ACTIVE}- Full path to the currently active file in Atom. E.g./home/rgbkrk/atom-script/lib/script.coffee{FILE_ACTIVE_PATH}- Full path to the folder where the currently active file is. E.g./home/rgbkrk/atom-script/lib{FILE_ACTIVE_NAME}- Full name and extension of active file. E.g.,script.coffee{FILE_ACTIVE_NAME_BASE}- Name of active file WITHOUT extension. E.g.,script{PROJECT_PATH}- Full path to the root of the project. This is normally the path Atom has as root. E.g/home/rgbkrk/atom-script
Parameters are compatible with atom-build package.
Development
This is an Open Open Source Project, which means:
Individuals making significant and valuable contributions are given commit-access to the project to contribute as they see fit.
As for coding and contributing, rely on the atom contributing guidelines.They're pretty solid.
Quick and dirty setup
apm develop script
This will clone the script repository to ~/github unless you set theATOM_REPOS_HOME environment variable.
I already cloned it!
If you cloned it somewhere else, you'll want to use apm link --dev within thepackage directory, followed by apm install to get dependencies.
Workflow
After pulling upstream changes, make sure to run apm update.
To start hacking, make sure to run atom --dev from the package directory.Cut a branch while you're working then either submit a Pull Request when doneor when you want some feedback!